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	<title>イギリスの教育システム | ”独り言英語のススメ”  BY コンカズ</title>
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	<description>グローバル化による個人の時代の到来... 英会話を日常生活の習慣として少しずつでも取り入れていこう！</description>
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	<language>ja</language>
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		<title>【British Education System】explained!!!</title>
		<link>https://www.konkaz.com/england-education-system-english/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[konkaz]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Apr 2021 23:12:49 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[life in the UK]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[イギリスの教育システム]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.konkaz.com/?p=878</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[This article seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the British education system, from nursery to primary school, to secondary school, and finally to sixth form.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p><br><br>Hi. It’s konkaz (<a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/konkazuk"><strong>@konkazuk</strong></a>) here.</p>



<p>This article seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the &#8216;<strong>British education system</strong>,&#8217; a topic I&#8217;ve intended to understand better for a long time but have continually postponed.<br>So, it&#8217;s time to give it a proper summary.<br><br><br>In Japan, the compulsory education system is based on the American system, with six years of elementary school and three years of junior high school, totaling nine years. In the UK, however, it&#8217;s a bit longer.</p>



<p>Anyway, let&#8217;s have a look! <br><br></p>



<p></p>



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<p></p>




  <div id="toc" class="toc tnt-none toc-center tnt-none border-element"><input type="checkbox" class="toc-checkbox" id="toc-checkbox-1"><label class="toc-title" for="toc-checkbox-1">目次</label>
    <div class="toc-content">
    <ul class="toc-list open"><li><a href="#toc1" tabindex="0">The overall structure including compulsory education</a><ul><li><a href="#toc2" tabindex="0">Nursery</a></li><li><a href="#toc3" tabindex="0">Reception</a></li><li><a href="#toc4" tabindex="0">Primary school</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#toc5" tabindex="0"><strong>Secondary school</strong></a><ul><li><a href="#toc6" tabindex="0">Choosing a Secondary School</a></li><li><a href="#toc7" tabindex="0">GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education)</a></li><li><a href="#toc8" tabindex="0"><strong>SIXTH FORM</strong></a></li></ul></li></ul>
    </div>
  </div>

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="the-overall-flow-of-england-s-education-system"><span id="toc1">The overall structure including compulsory education</span></h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/igorovsyannykov.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Igor Ovsyannykov</figcaption></figure>



<p><br>To begin with, let me explain that the British education system is divided into four stages: primary education, secondary education, further education, and higher education, as shown in the table below.<br><br></p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><div class="scrollable-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Age 5 </strong>~ <strong>11</strong></td><td><strong>Primary Education</strong></td><td>Year 1 ~ Year 6 (<strong>6 years</strong>)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Age 11</strong> ~ <strong>16</strong></td><td><strong>Secondary Education</strong></td><td>Year 7 ~ Year 11 (<strong>5 years</strong>)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Age 16 </strong>~ <strong>18</strong></td><td><strong>Further Education</strong></td><td>Year 12 &amp; Year 13 (<strong>2 years</strong>)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Age 18 </strong>~ <strong>21</strong>/<strong>22</strong><br>（<strong>28 at most</strong>)</td><td><strong>Higher Education</strong></td><td>Undergraduate program (<strong>3 ~ 4 years</strong>)<br>Master&#8217;s degree program (<strong>1 year</strong>)<br>Doctoral degree program (<strong>1 ~ 6 years</strong>)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></figure>



<p>*Most people typically finish their undergraduate studies and start working, so they usually complete Higher Education around the age of 21 or 22.<br><br></p>



<p>Among these, what is known as <strong>compulsory education</strong> comprises the first two sections in the table: Primary Education and Secondary Education, <strong>totaling 11 years</strong>.<br></p>



<p>Therefore, from this point onwards, we&#8217;ll go through it step by step starting from when the child is born.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="nursery"><span id="toc2">Nursery</span></h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/paige-cody.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Paige Cody</figcaption></figure>



<p>Following the birth of a child, the first institution they will attend is a &#8220;<strong>nursery</strong>&#8220;.<br><br>It&#8217;s equivalent to what we call a &#8216;hoikuen&#8217; (daycare center) in Japan, but it&#8217;s not mandatory.<br><br><br><br>Basically, children spend <strong>two years</strong> here when they&#8217;re around <strong>2-3 years old</strong> or <strong>3-4 years old</strong>. However, quite a few nurseries also accept children as young as 1 year old or even a few months old.<br></p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">For popular nurseries, you might have to wait &#8220;over a year&#8221; to get a spot. It&#8217;s recommended to visit early (<strong>some say as soon as you find out you&#8217;re pregnant!</strong>) and <strong>get on the waiting list</strong>.</h4>



<p><br><br>Moreover, if you are interested in finding out which nurseries are highly rated, you can refer to the website of <br><br><br><a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ofsted"><strong>Ofsted</strong> (<strong>Office for Standards in Education</strong>)</a>, <br><br><br>the regulatory body for education in the UK.</p>



<p><br>If you go to their website and enter your area&#8217;s postcode, you can access a list and rankings of nurseries in your area. This can serve as a useful reference.<br></p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">However, <strong>the best information usually comes from interacting with mom friends</strong>, so make sure to network regularly.</h5>



<p><br></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/priscilla-du-preez-copy.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Priscilla Du Preez</figcaption></figure>



<p><br><br>Next, before your child enters compulsory education, there are two main forms of financial support from the government that are widely recognized, as listed below.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>⚫Child Benefit</strong><br>Families with children under 16 can receive benefits for up to two children, as long as the parents do not exceed the income tax limit. (No support is available for the third child and beyond.)<br><br><strong>⚫15 hours Free Child Care</strong><br>For children aged 3 to 4, all families are entitled to 15 hours of free childcare per week over 38 weeks a year. If both parents are working and meet the minimum income requirements, they can receive 30 hours of free childcare per week over the same period.</h4>



<p><br><br>To support families raising children while working, there are <strong>Working Tax Credits</strong> and <strong>Child Tax Credits</strong> available to parents. These credits are now incorporated into <a rel="follow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.konkaz.com/how-to-get-universal-credit/">Universal Credit</a>.<br></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="reception"><span id="toc3">Reception</span></h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/alvin-mahmudov.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Alvin Mahmudov</figcaption></figure>



<p>Following nursery, the next stage for children is usually &#8220;<strong>Reception</strong>&#8220;, a year that most primary schools offer.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="the-reception-year-is-basically-a-preparation-year-before-your-child-is-entering-the-year-1-in-primary-school-which-is-the-first-year-of-the-compulsory-education-in-england">In other words, the period before children start YEAR 1, which is the beginning of compulsory education (equivalent to first grade in Japan).</h4>



<p><br>It&#8217;s <strong>a year of preparation before their 5th birthday</strong>, specifically those who are 4 years old by September.<br><br><br><br>Practically speaking, it&#8217;s similar to enrolling in the school they will attend, so it&#8217;s a thrilling occasion for both the parents and the children.<br></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="primary-school"><span id="toc4">Primary school</span></h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/vitolda-klein.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Vitolda Klein</figcaption></figure>



<p>Then, <strong>once the child turns 5 by September</strong>, they move on to &#8220;<strong>Primary School</strong>,&#8221; which is equivalent to &#8220;elementary school&#8221; in Japan.<br></p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading" id="and-as-i-mentioned-earlier-this-is-the-beginning-of-compulsory-education-in-england">From this point, &#8220;<strong>compulsory education</strong>&#8221; starts.</h5>



<p><br><br>The learning period, as mentioned at the beginning, is from Year 1 to Year 6, covering a span of <strong>six years</strong>.<br></p>



<p><br>When entering primary school, you start hearing the term &#8216;<strong>Key Stage</strong>&#8216;.&nbsp; It refers to the four stages of compulsory education defined by the <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/national-curriculum"><strong>National Curriculum</strong></a> in the UK.<br><br></p>



<div class="wp-block-cocoon-blocks-balloon-ex-box-1 speech-wrap sb-id-17 sbs-stn sbp-r sbis-cn cf block-box"><div class="speech-person"><figure class="speech-icon"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/bubble-0002.jpg" alt="" class="speech-icon-image"/></figure><div class="speech-name"></div></div><div class="speech-balloon">
<p>The education system is also divided into four sections, so it can be confusing at first.</p>
</div></div>



<p><br></p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><div class="scrollable-table"><table class="has-fixed-layout"><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><strong>Key Stage 1</strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">age&nbsp;&nbsp;5 &#8211; 7  [<strong>Year 1 ~ Year 2</strong>]</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><strong>Key Stage 2</strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">age&nbsp;&nbsp;7 &#8211; 11 &nbsp;[<strong>Year 3 ~ Year 6</strong>]</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><strong>Key Stage 3</strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">age 11 &#8211; 14  [<strong>Year 7 ~ Year 9</strong>]</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><strong>Key Stage 4</strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">age 14 &#8211; 16  [<strong>Year 10 ~ Year 11</strong>]</td></tr></tbody></table></div></figure>



<p><br>Each stage has specific subjects and content, and students take the <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk/curricula-and-exams/sats-standard-assessment-tests"><strong>SATs</strong> (Standard Assessment Tests)</a> <strong>at the end of Key Stage 1</strong> (Year 2 / age 7) <strong>and Key Stage 2 </strong>(Year 6 / age 11).<br></p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading" id="in-england-it-has-been-extended-to-13-years-between-the-age-of-5-and-18-since-2015">Since these tests aim to measure the school&#8217;s collective academic ability, you don&#8217;t have to be overly concerned about your individual results.</h5>



<p><br><br>And just to jump ahead a bit, in <strong>Key Stage 4</strong> (Year 11 / age 16), students will take the <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCSE"><strong>GCSE</strong> (General Certificate of Secondary Education) exams</a>.</p>



<p><br>The outcomes of these exams are <strong>crucial</strong> because they are used as one of the <strong>criteria for university admissions or job applications</strong>.<br></p>



<p><br>Regarding compulsory education, there is also the option of <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.gov.uk/home-education">homeschooling</a> (which does not necessarily have to follow the National Curriculum), and there are parents who actually choose this method.<br><br></p>



<p>Furthermore, regarding the period of compulsory education in the UK, it originally spanned 11 years from ages 5 to 16 across all regions (England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland), </p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>but since 2015, it has been extended to 13 years, from ages 5 to 18, in England alone</strong>.</h5>



<p><br><br>The reason for this is said to be to prevent the increase of young people, referred to as &#8216;<strong>NEETs</strong>&#8216; (<strong>N</strong>ot in <strong>E</strong>mployment, <strong>E</strong>ducation, or <strong>T</strong>raining), who do not work, remain dependent on their parents as adults, and gain weight while spending too much time in front of computers.<br><br><br></p>



<p>After completing Secondary Education (where compulsory education ends outside of England)&#8230; </p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>⚫</strong> If you wish to go to university, you proceed to a course of study called <strong>Sixth Form</strong> (usually attached to the secondary school you are attending, but if not available, you study at a Sixth Form College).<br><br><strong>⚫</strong> Alternatively, if you wish to specialise in fields such as agriculture, art, or design, you can opt to study at a <strong>Further Education College</strong> or a <strong>Tertiary College</strong> to earn high-level vocational qualifications.<br><br><strong>⚫</strong> Further more, another choice is <strong>apprenticeships</strong>, where you can learn and gain practical experience at the same time.</h4>



<p><br></p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="secondary-school"><span id="toc5"><strong>Secondary school</strong></span></h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/pupils-01-1.jpg" alt="" style="width:496px;height:auto"/></figure>



<p>While the previous explanation of &#8216;Key Stages&#8217; already covered some aspects of secondary school, let&#8217;s now examine it in more depth.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="toc6">Choosing a Secondary School</span></h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/wander-fleur.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Wander Fleur</figcaption></figure>



<p>After studying for six years in primary school, students move on to secondary school. About a month after the start of the final year in primary school, &#8216;Year 6,&#8217; the school will request the submission of the &#8216;<strong>secondary school transfer application form</strong>&#8216;.<br></p>



<p><br>Although it is referred to as filling out a form, the entire process is done online. You need to list the schools you want your child to attend, from first choice to sixth choice, and submit it before the deadline.<br></p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Therefore, you will need to carry out thorough research on the secondary schools in your area.</strong></h5>



<p><br><br>Furthermore, around this time, schools host open days, providing explanations of their policies and offering tours. If you want to see the school with your own eyes, make sure to check these out.<br><br></p>



<p>By the way, children born into families with an average level of income typically attend a <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_school">Comprehensive School</a> (commonly referred to as a &#8216;State school&#8217; <strong>with no entrance exam</strong>), but what is important here is&#8230;<br></p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>State schools tend to admit applicants based on their proximity to the school, a fact known as the catchment area.</strong></h4>



<p><br><br>It is said that particularly dedicated parents move into the catchment area of the school they want their child to attend, considering their child&#8217;s future.</p>



<p>Therefore, since secondary school is where the GCSE exams take place and it is crucial for determining a child&#8217;s future direction, I recommend researching catchment areas and other factors early on. <br><br><br>(By the way, you will find out which school your child has been selected for around March.)<br></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="toc7">GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education)</span></h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/compare-fibre.jpg" alt=""/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Compare-Fibre</figcaption></figure>



<p>In <strong>Year 10</strong> (ages 14-15), the fourth year of secondary school, students start coursework as part of the curriculum for the GCSE exams, which are two years away. But even in <strong>Year 9</strong>, they begin narrowing down their GCSE subjects.<br></p>



<p>While subjects are elective, <strong>the following three are generally mandatory</strong>.<br></p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">🔹 <strong>English language</strong>/<strong>literature</strong> <br>🔹 <strong>Mathematics</strong><br>🔹 *<strong>Science</strong> </h4>



<p><br><br>*Regarding Science, there are two options: studying and taking tests in the three subjects—Biology, Chemistry, and Physics—individually (each counting as one GCSE grade), or taking a combined course that covers all three subjects, called &#8216;Combined Science,&#8217; which counts for two GCSE grades.<br><br></p>



<p>Next, the elective subjects.</p>



<p>While there are slight differences between schools, the subjects are grouped into categories, and students must select a balanced number from each.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>⚫</strong> <em>Humanities <br></em><br><strong>History</strong><br><strong>Geography</strong><br><strong>Sociology</strong><br><strong>Philosophy</strong><br><strong>Religious Studies</strong><br><br><br><strong>⚫</strong><em> Languages</em><br><br><strong>Spanish</strong><br><strong>French</strong><br><strong>German</strong><br><strong>Modern Languages</strong>（Japanese is included!)<br><br><br><strong>⚫</strong> <em>Arts and Design</em><br><br><strong>Textile Design</strong><br><strong>Graphic Design</strong><br><strong>Three Dimensional Design</strong><br><br><br><strong>⚫</strong> <em>Design and Technology</em><br><br><strong>Food and Technology</strong><br><strong>Product Design</strong><br><strong>Textile Technology</strong><br><br><br><strong>⚫</strong><em> Performing Arts </em><br><br><strong>Drama</strong><br><strong>Music</strong><br><strong>Dance</strong><br><br><strong>⚫</strong><em>Physical Education and Health Education</em><br><br><strong>Physical Education</strong> <br></h4>



<p><br>Combining the compulsory subjects, students have to choose around ten subjects. <br><br><br><strong>At the age of 13 or 14, having to pick subjects with their future university major in mind is honestly quite tough, I believe&#8230;</strong><br><br><br></p>



<p>Grades are assessed through final exams and coursework projects completed during classes. Recently, the importance of coursework has been diminishing, and more emphasis is being placed on essay-style answers that test writing skills.</p>



<p><br>Regarding grades, since 2017, the old system ranging from A* to G has been replaced by a new system using numbers from 9 to 1.<br> (Previously, A* and A correspond to the current 9 to 7, while B and C correspond to 6 to 4). <br><br>For more details, 👉 click <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.careerpilot.org.uk/information/gcses/how-your-gcse-grades-could-affect-your-choices-at-16">here</a>.<br><br></p>



<div class="wp-block-cocoon-blocks-balloon-ex-box-1 speech-wrap sb-id-17 sbs-stn sbp-r sbis-cn cf block-box"><div class="speech-person"><figure class="speech-icon"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/bubble-0002.jpg" alt="" class="speech-icon-image"/></figure><div class="speech-name"></div></div><div class="speech-balloon">
<p>For those moving on to Sixth Form, having at least 6 subjects with grades 6 or higher is seen as a safe zone??? Furthermore, achieving grades 9 or 8 in several subjects can impact your university options. How intimidating&#8230;</p>
</div></div>



<p></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="gcse-sixth-form"><span id="toc8"><strong>SIXTH FORM</strong></span></h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/pupils-02-1.jpg" alt="" style="width:502px;height:auto"/></figure>



<p>After completing secondary school, students aiming for university usually move on to a <strong>2-year educational program</strong> known as &#8216;<strong><a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_form">Sixth Form</a></strong>&#8216;, commonly linked with secondary schools.</p>



<p><br>Sixth Form, alternatively referred to as &#8216;<strong>Key Stage 5</strong>&#8216;, is typically called <strong>Lower Sixth</strong> (<strong>L6</strong>) in the first year and <strong>Upper Sixth</strong> (<strong>U6</strong>) in the second year.<br><br></p>



<p>In the past, students took the <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS-level"><strong>AS</strong> (Advanced Subsidiary Level)</a> exam at the end of Year 12 and the <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-level"><strong>A Level</strong> (Advanced Level General Certificate of Education)</a> exam in Year 13. <br><br><br>But since 2018, when the UK Department for Education declared that AS results would be entirely separate from A Levels, the AS exam is no longer required. Now, students only need to take the A Level exam at the end of Year 13.<br><br></p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">Students should choose subjects that match the university courses they want to pursue in the future, but <strong>it’s best to pick the ones they enjoy the most</strong>, considering their GCSE results.</h5>



<p><br><br>Most students are said to choose four subjects in the first year and then narrow it down to three subjects in the second year (dropping one subject) to take the exams.</p>



<p><br>Students are graded A*, A, B, C, D, and E, and admission to their preferred university is granted if they achieve the required grades.</p>



<p><br>Therefore&#8230;, </p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>there are no individual entrance exams like in Japan.</strong></h4>



<p><br><br><br>University tuition fees are currently said to be between £10,000 and £38,000 per year (approximately ¥2,000,000 to ¥7,500,000, with the current exchange rate of about £1 = ¥200).</p>



<p>Most students borrow money from the government to cover tuition and living costs, and they must repay it after graduating, once they earn a certain amount.<br></p>



<p><br><strong>You graduate from university to boost your earnings in the job market, but instead, you find yourself drowning in debt?  What kind of system is that&#8230;?!</strong><br><br><br></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/vadim-sadovski.jpg" alt="" style="width:328px;height:auto"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by vadmin sadovski</figcaption></figure>



<p><br><br>Thanks everyone for reading until the end. <br><br>That’s it for this article.<br><br><br>I hope my summary was helpful to you in some way.<br><br></p>



<p>konkaz</p>



<p>*You can read this blog post in Japanese from the link below.<br>👉 <a rel="noopener follow" target="_blank" href="https://www.konkaz.com/england-education-system/">【イギリスの教育制度】の特徴を簡単にまとめてみました。</a></p>



<p>*Maybe you are interested in reading&#8230; <br>👉 <a rel="noopener follow" target="_blank" href="https://www.konkaz.com/british-political-system-english/">【UK Political System】 explained!!! </a></p>
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		<title>【イギリスの教育制度】の特徴を簡単にまとめてみました。</title>
		<link>https://www.konkaz.com/england-education-system/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[konkaz]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Mar 2021 17:06:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[life in the UK]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[イギリスの教育システム]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.konkaz.com/?p=816</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[ 義務教育を含むイギリス(イングランド)での、子供たちが歩んでいく全体の流れ、どのようにステージ分けされているのか、いつ、どんなテストが待ち受けているのか？など、教育制度の特徴をまとめてみました。]]></description>
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<p><br><br>こんにちは、コンカズ (<a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/konkazuk"><strong>@konkazuk</strong></a>) です。</p>



<p>今回の記事では、”まぁ、いつかしっかり頭に入れよう”…と思ったまま、ここまで放っておいてしまった「<strong>イギリスの教育制度</strong>」の理解を深めようと、ちょっとここらで ”パリッ”<span class="fz-18px"> と</span>まとめてみました。<br><br><br>日本の義務教育制度は、アメリカの制度を参考にしているので、小学校6年、中学校3年の、合計9年間となりますが、イギリスの場合はもう少しだけ長くなります。</p>



<p>何はともあれ、さっそく見ていきましょう。</p>



<p></p>



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<p></p>




  <div id="toc" class="toc tnt-none toc-center tnt-none border-element"><input type="checkbox" class="toc-checkbox" id="toc-checkbox-2"><label class="toc-title" for="toc-checkbox-2">目次</label>
    <div class="toc-content">
    <ul class="toc-list open"><li><a href="#toc1" tabindex="0"><strong>義務教育を含んだ全体の流れ</strong></a><ul><li><a href="#toc2" tabindex="0"><strong>Nursery</strong> (ナーサリー)</a></li><li><a href="#toc3" tabindex="0">Reception (レセプション) </a></li><li><a href="#toc4" tabindex="0">Primary School (プライマリースクール)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#toc5" tabindex="0"><strong>Secondary School (セカンダリースクール)</strong></a><ul><li><a href="#toc6" tabindex="0">セカンダリースクールを選ぶ</a></li><li><a href="#toc7" tabindex="0">GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education)</a></li><li><a href="#toc8" tabindex="0">SIXTH FORM</a></li></ul></li></ul>
    </div>
  </div>

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="義務教育を含むイギリス-イングランド-での子供たちが歩んでいく全体の流れ"><span id="toc1"><strong>義務教育を含んだ全体の流れ</strong></span></h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="510" height="340" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/igorovsyannykov.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-17497" style="width:510px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/igorovsyannykov.jpg 510w, https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/igorovsyannykov-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Igor Ovsyannykov</figcaption></figure>



<p>まずはじめに述べておきますと、イギリスの教育制度は下の表のように、初等教育、中等教育、継続教育、そして高等教育の４つに区分されます。<br></p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><div class="scrollable-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>5歳〜11歳</strong></td><td><strong>Primary Education</strong> (初等教育)</td><td>Year 1 ~ Year 6 (<strong>6年間</strong>）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>11歳〜16歳</strong></td><td><strong>Secondary Education</strong> (中等教育)</td><td>Year 7 ~ Year 11 (<strong>5年間</strong>）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>16歳〜18歳</strong></td><td><strong>Further Education</strong> (継続教育)</td><td>Year 12 &amp; Year 13 (<strong>2年間</strong>）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>18歳〜21歳/22歳</strong><br>（<strong>最長28歳</strong>）</td><td><strong>Higher Education</strong> (高等教育)</td><td>学士課程 (<strong>3〜4年間</strong>）<br>大学院前期課程 (<strong>1年間</strong>)<br>大学院研究課程 (<strong>1〜6年間</strong>）</td></tr></tbody></table></div></figure>



<p>*たいていの人は、学士課程まで修了すると仕事に就くため、Higher Education を終える頃の年齢は、通常21歳か22歳。<br></p>



<p><br>このうち、<strong>義務教育</strong>と呼ばれるものは、表のはじめの２段。つまり Primary Education と Secondary Education の<strong>合計11年間</strong>となります。</p>



<p><br>と言うわけでここからは、子供が生まれたところから、順に追っていきます。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="nursery-ナーサリー"><span id="toc2"><strong>Nursery</strong> (ナーサリー)</span></h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="510" height="352" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/paige-cody.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-17509" style="width:512px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/paige-cody.jpg 510w, https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/paige-cody-300x207.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Paige Cody</figcaption></figure>



<p>子供が産まれた後、まず通うことになるのが、</p>



<p>&#8220;<strong>Nursery</strong>&#8221; (ナーサリー)</p>



<p>となります。<br><br><br><br>日本でいう「保育園」にあたるわけですが、必須ではありません。</p>



<p><br><br>基本的には、子供が <strong>2〜3歳、3〜4歳の </strong>「<strong>2年間</strong>」 をここで過ごすことになるのですが、子供がまだ数ヶ月、または1歳からでも受け付けているナーサリーも多々あります。<br></p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="評判の良いナーサリーだと-入れてもらえるまでに-1年以上-も待たされるところもあるので-早め-妊娠が分かった時点でとも言われている-に出向いて予約を入れておく-ウェイティングリストにのせてもらう-ことをオススメします">評判の良いナーサリーだと、入れてもらえるまでに ”1年以上” も待たされるところもあるので、<strong>早めに出向いて (妊娠が分かった時点でとも言われている!) 予約を入れておく</strong><span class="tadv-color" style="color:#333333">(ウェイティングリストにのせてもらう</span>) のがオススメ。</h4>



<p><br><br>ちなみに、どのナーサリーが良いか？というのは、<br><br><br><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ofsted"><strong>Ofsted</strong>&nbsp;<strong>(Office for Standards in Education)&nbsp;オフステッド</strong></a> <br><br><br>と呼ばれる、イギリスの教育監査局ウェブサイトで調べることができます。<br><br></p>



<p>上ののサイトにいって、自分が住んでるエリアのポストコードを入れると、近所のナーサリーのリストとランキングが貼られているので、多少参考にはなるとは思います。<br></p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading" id="が-やっぱり-ママ友グループとの交流から入ってくるナマの情報がベスト-やと思うんで-日頃からネットワーキングに励んでおきましょう">..が、やはり<strong>”ママ友グループとの交流から入ってくるナマの情報がベスト”</strong>やと思うんで、日頃からネットワーキングに励んでおきましょう。</h5>



<p><br></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="482" height="325" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/priscilla-du-preez.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-17522" srcset="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/priscilla-du-preez.jpg 482w, https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/priscilla-du-preez-300x202.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Priscilla Du Preez</figcaption></figure>



<p><br>次に、子供が義務教育に移る前に、政府から受けられる金銭的なサポートに関してですが、基本的に知られているのが次の２つ。<br></p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>⚫Child Benefit</strong><br>16歳未満の子供を持つ家庭で、親が所得税に基づく制限に達していない限り、全ての人が、2人目の子供の分まで受け取ることができます。（3人目からは支給されません。）<br><br><strong>⚫15 hours Free Child Care</strong><br>子供が3歳〜4歳の間、全ての家庭に週15時間 (年38週間) の無料保育が提供されます。<br>（共働きで、それぞれ年間最低収入の要件を満たしている場合は、週30時間 (年38週間) の無料保育。）</h4>



<p><br><br>働きながら子供を養育している家庭を支援する目的で支給される<strong>Working Tax Credit</strong> や、子供を持つ親に支給される <strong>Child Tax Credit</strong> というのもありますが、これらは現在 <strong><a rel="follow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.konkaz.com/how-to-get-universal-credit/">Universal Credit</a></strong> に含まれます。<br></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="reception-レセプション"><span id="toc3">Reception (レセプション) </span></h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="482" height="321" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/alvin-mahmudov.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-17530" srcset="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/alvin-mahmudov.jpg 482w, https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/alvin-mahmudov-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Alvin Mahmudov</figcaption></figure>



<p>はい。そして次にナーサリーの後に子供が通うことになるのが、大抵の小学校が設けている<br><br><br>&#8220;<strong>Reception</strong>&#8221; (レセプション)</p>



<p>と呼ばれる学年。<br><br></p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="つまり-子供が義務教育の始まりである-year-1-日本でいう小学校1年生-になる前の期間">つまり、子供が義務教育の始まりである YEAR 1 (日本でいう小学校1年生) になる前の期間。</h4>



<p><br><strong>5歳の誕生日をむかえる前までの準備期間の1年</strong>で、9月の時点で4歳の子供たちが対象となります<strong>。</strong><br><br><br><br>実質的には、今後通うことになる学校への入学みたいなものなんで、親にとっても子供にとっても、ドキドキする行事と言えますかね。</p>



<p></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="primary-school-プライマリースクール"><span id="toc4">Primary School (プライマリースクール)</span></h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="482" height="321" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/vitolda-klein.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-17531" srcset="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/vitolda-klein.jpg 482w, https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/vitolda-klein-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Vitolda Klein</figcaption></figure>



<p>そしてこの後、<span class="has-inline-color has-black-color">子供が<strong>９月の時点で満5歳</strong></span>になったところで、日本でいう「小学校」にあたる、<br><br><br>&#8220;<strong>Primary School</strong>&#8221; (プライマリースクール)<br><br><br>に上がります。<br><br></p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading" id="そして-ここからが-義務教育-の始まりです">ここからが「<strong>義務教育</strong>」の始まりです。</h5>



<p><br><br>学ぶ期間は、はじめに述べたように Year 1 から Year 6 までの<strong>6年間</strong>。</p>



<p><br>プライマリースクールに上がると、<strong>Key Stage</strong> (キーステージ)という言葉を耳にし始めますが、この言葉はイギリスの教育課程の基準、<span class="has-inline-color has-indigo-color"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/national-curriculum"><strong>National Curriculum</strong> (ナショナル カリキュラム)</a></span>によって分けられる義務教育の中の4つの段階を表すのに使われます。<br><br></p>



<div class="wp-block-cocoon-blocks-balloon-ex-box-1 speech-wrap sb-id-17 sbs-stn sbp-r sbis-cn cf block-box"><div class="speech-person"><figure class="speech-icon"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/bubble-0002.jpg" alt="" class="speech-icon-image"/></figure><div class="speech-name"></div></div><div class="speech-balloon">
<p>教育制度も４つに区分されているので、はじめは頭がこんがらがります。</p>
</div></div>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><div class="scrollable-table"><table class="has-fixed-layout"><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><strong>Key Stage 1</strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">5歳〜7歳 [ <strong>Year 1 ~ Year 2</strong> ]</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><strong>Key Stage 2</strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">7歳〜11歳 [ <strong>Year 3 ~ Year 6</strong> ]</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><strong>Key Stage 3</strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">11歳〜14歳 [<strong> Year 7 ~ Year 9</strong> ]</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><strong>Key Stage 4</strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">14歳〜16歳 [ <strong>Year 10 ~ Year 11</strong> ]</td></tr></tbody></table></div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><br></figcaption></figure>



<p>段階ごとに科目とその内容が振り分けられ、<strong>Key Stage 1の終わり</strong> (Year 2 / 7歳）と、 <strong>Key Stage 2 の終わり</strong>（Year 6 / 11歳）には、<a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk/curricula-and-exams/sats-standard-assessment-tests"><strong>SATs</strong> (Standard Assessment Tests / 全国学力テスト）</a>というテストを受けることになります。<br></p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">これらのテストは、どちらかというと学校全体の学力を知るのが目的なんで、成績に関してはそこまで気にしなくて大丈夫です。</h5>



<p><br><br>そして、ちょっとフライングしますが、<strong>Key Stage 4</strong> (Year 11 / 16歳) では<br><br><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education"><strong>GCSE</strong>（General Certificate of Secondary Education ・全国統一学力試験）</a></p>



<p>を受けることになります。<br><br></p>



<p>こちらのテストの結果は、<br></p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">「<strong>進学・就職の際の合否の判断材料のひとつとなってくる</strong>」</h5>



<p><br>ので、<strong>かなり重要なテスト</strong>ということになります。<br></p>



<p><br><br>なお、義務教育に関してですが、学校に行かずに、<a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.gov.uk/home-education">ホームスクーリング</a>、(必ずしもナショナル・カリキュラムに基づいて行わなければならないというわけではない）という手段もあり、実際にこの手段をとっている親もいます。<br><br><br><br>さらに、<strong>イギリスの義務教育</strong><span class="has-inline-color has-indigo-color"><span class="tadv-color" style="color:#333333">(<strong>Compulsory education</strong>)</span></span><strong>の期間</strong>ですが、もともとはイギリスのすべての地域 (イングランド、ウェールズ、北アイルランド、スコットランド) で5〜16歳までの11年間でしたが、</p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading" id="2015年から-イングランドだけ５-18歳までの13年間に引き伸ばされています"><strong>2015年から、イングランドだけ５〜18歳までの13年間に引き伸ばされています。</strong></h5>



<p><br>理由はと言うと、働くということに目を向けず、大人になっても親の元から離れられずに、コンピューターの前でブクブクと太っていく ”<strong>ニート</strong>/ <strong>NEET</strong>&#8221; (<strong>N</strong>ot in <strong>E</strong>mployment, <strong>E</strong>ducation, or <strong>T</strong>raining)” と呼ばれる若者たちの増加を防ぐためと言われています。</p>



<p><br><br>Secondary Education （イングランド以外はここで義務教育終了）を終えたあとは&#8230;<br></p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>⚫</strong> 大学進学を希望する場合は、<a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_form"><strong>シックススフォーム</strong></a>と呼ばれる学習過程 (大抵は、在籍しているセカンダリースクールに付属しているが、ない場合はシックスス・フォーム カレッジにて学習）に進む。<br><br><strong>⚫</strong> あるいは、農業、芸術、デザインなど、専門的な分野に進みたい場合は、<strong>継続教育カレッジ</strong> (Further Education College)、または、<strong>高等専門学校 </strong>(Tertiary College) に進んで専門性の高い職業資格を得るために勉強する。<br><br><strong>⚫</strong> さらには、<strong>見習い</strong>・<strong>弟子</strong> (Apprenticeships)<strong> </strong>という形で、実務経験を積みながら学ぶ。</h4>



<p><br>という選択肢があります。</p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="secondary-school-セカンダリースクール"><span id="toc5"><strong>Secondary School (セカンダリースクール)</strong></span></h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="624" height="462" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/pupils-01.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-1455" style="width:482px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/pupils-01.jpg 624w, https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/pupils-01-300x222.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px" /></figure>



<p>すでに、前回の &#8220;Key Stage&#8221; の説明で、セカンダリースクールの内容にも食い込んでしまっていますが、ここから詳しく見ていきます。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="toc6">セカンダリースクールを選ぶ</span></h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="482" height="321" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/wander-fleur.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-3946" srcset="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/wander-fleur.jpg 482w, https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/wander-fleur-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Wander Fleur<br></figcaption></figure>



<p>プライマリースクールで6年間学んだ後は、セカンダリースクールに進むわけですが、プライマリースクールでの最後の年「Year 6」が始まって、1ヶ月ほど経つと、学校から<br><br><br>「<strong>セカンダリースクールへのトランスファーの申請書の書き込みの提出</strong>」<br><br><br>が求められます。<br><br></p>



<p>書き込みと言っても全てオンラインでの作業となりますが、子供に行かせたい学校を、第１希望から第６希望まで記入し、締め切り前に提出しなければなりません。<br></p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>というわけで、自分の住んでいる地域に存在するセカンダリースクールの情報収集を、しっかりやる必要があります。</strong></h5>



<p><br><br>さらに、この時期に入ると、各学校でオープン・デーが開催されて、学校のポリシーの説明や校内の見学などが許されるので、学校の様子を自分の目で確かめたい人は、要チェックです。<br><br><br><br><br>ちなみに、平均レベルの年収の家庭に生まれた子供たちが通うのは、大抵の場合 <span class="fz-22px"><span class="fz-20px"><span class="fz-18px"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_school">Comprehensive School </a></span></span></span> (俗に言われる &#8220;State school&#8221; ステイトスクール / <strong>入学試験無し</strong>）となりますが、ここで大事なのは&#8230;</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="ステイトスクールは応募者のうち-学校から自宅までの距離が近い順に入学を許可する傾向にあるので-イギリスでは子供の将来を考えて-親が子供にいかせたい学校のキャッチメントエリア内に時を見計らって引っ越すとのことです"><span class="tadv-color" style="color:#333333"><strong>ステイトスクールは応募者のうち、学校から自宅までの距離が近い順に入学を許可する傾向にある</strong></span><strong>という事実。</strong>（<strong>キャッチメントエリアと呼ばれる</strong>。）</h4>



<p><br>特に<span class="tadv-color" style="color:#333333">熱心な親は、子供の将来を考え、子供に通わせたい学校の「キャッチメントエリア」内に、時を見計らって引っ越す</span>とも言われています。<br><br><br><br>というわけで、<strong>GCSEのテスト</strong>があるなど、セカンダリースクールは子供にとって将来の方向性が決まってくる重要なところなので、早くからキャッチメントエリアなどのリサーチをすることをオススメしておきます。<br><br>（ちなみに、どの学校に選ばれたか明らかになるのは、3月頃となります。）<br></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="toc7">GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education)</span></h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="510" height="316" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/compare-fibre.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-3963" srcset="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/compare-fibre.jpg 510w, https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/compare-fibre-300x186.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by Compare-Fibre</figcaption></figure>



<p>セカンダリースクールに入って４年目の<span class="tadv-color" style="color:#333333"><strong>Year 10 </strong>(14歳・15歳）になると、2年後に控えたGCSEに向けてのコースワークと呼ばれる学習のカリキュラムに沿った勉強が始まるわけですが、その前の年の <strong>Year 9</strong></span> では、すでにGCSE教科の絞り込みが始まります。</p>



<p>教科は選択性で、基本的には次の<strong>3つが必須科目</strong>。<br></p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">🔹 <strong>English language</strong>/<strong>literature</strong> (英語)<br>🔹 <strong>Mathematics</strong> (数学)<br>🔹 *<strong>Science</strong> (理科) [生物/化学/物理]</h4>



<p><br>*Sienceに関しては、生物学 (Biology)、化学 (Chemistry)、物理学 (Physics) の３つの科目を個別に勉強してテストを受ける (それぞれが、GCSEのグレード１つ分）、あるいは、3つの科目を組み合わせたもを一つのコースとして学んでテストを受ける (GCSEのグレード２つ分) &#8220;Combined Science&#8221; という選択肢があります。</p>



<p><br>続いて選択科目。<br><br><br>学校によって多少異なりますすが、カテゴリー別に分類されていて、その中からバランスよく何個か選ぶことになります。<br></p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>⚫</strong> <em>Humanities (人文科学）<br></em><br>　<strong>History</strong>（歴史）<br> <strong>Geography</strong>（地理）<br>　<strong>Sociology</strong>（社会学）<br>　<strong>Philosophy</strong>（哲学）<br> <strong>Religious Studies</strong>（宗教）<br><br><br><strong>⚫</strong><em> Languages（言語）</em><br><br> <strong>Spanish</strong>（スペイン語）<br> <strong>French</strong>（フランス語）<br> <strong>German</strong>（ドイツ語）<br> <strong>Modern Languages</strong>（日本語も含まれています！） <br><br><br><strong>⚫</strong> <em>Arts and Design（アートとデザイン）</em><br><br><strong>Textile Design</strong>（テキスタイルデザイン）<br><strong>Graphic Design</strong>（グラフィックデザイン）<br><strong>Three Dimensional Design</strong>（三次元デザイン）<br><br><br><strong>⚫</strong> <em>Design and Technology（デザイン・テクノロジー）</em><br><br><strong>Food and Technology</strong>（食品と技術）<br><strong>Product Design</strong>（製品設計）<br><strong>Textile Technology</strong>（テキスタイル・テクノロジー）<br><br><br><strong>⚫</strong><em> Performing Arts （表現とパフォーマンス）</em><br><br> <strong>Drama</strong>（演劇）<br> <strong>Music</strong>（音楽）<br><strong>Dance</strong>（ダンス）<br><br><strong>⚫</strong><em>Physical Education and Health Education（体育・健康教育）</em><br><br><strong>Physical Education</strong> (体育）<br></h4>



<p><br><br>必須科目と合わせて計10科目ほど選ぶことになるのですが&#8230;<strong>13歳</strong>・<strong>14歳</strong>という年齢で、<span class="has-inline-color has-deep-orange-color"><strong><span class="tadv-color" style="color:#333333">大学での専攻科目を見据えて、それに必要な科目の選択</span></strong></span>を迫られるってのは、<span class="has-inline-color has-indigo-color"><span class="tadv-color" style="color:#333333">正直ちょっと</span></span>大変ですね。<br><br></p>



<p>成績は、最終試験のExamination Paper<strong> </strong>と、Course Workと呼ばれる授業中に行われるプロジェクトの出来によって評価されますが、<strong>近年 Course Work の比重が減りつつあり</strong>、”書くことによるスキル”が試される論文形式の解答が重要視されてきているとのことです。<br><br><br><br>なお、グレード(成績)に関してですが、2017年以来 A*からGまでの旧システムに代わり、９から1までの数字が使われるようになっています。<br>（以前のA*とAが 現在の9から7にあたり、BとCが６から４）<br><br>詳しくは、👉 <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.careerpilot.org.uk/information/gcses/how-your-gcse-grades-could-affect-your-choices-at-16">こちらから</a>。<br></p>



<div class="wp-block-cocoon-blocks-balloon-ex-box-1 speech-wrap sb-id-19 sbs-stn sbp-r sbis-cn cf block-box"><div class="speech-person"><figure class="speech-icon"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/bubble-0006-1.jpg" alt="" class="speech-icon-image"/></figure><div class="speech-name"></div></div><div class="speech-balloon">
<p>シックススフォームに進むのであれば、6以上が最低５科目あればセーフゾーン???　さらにいえば９または８を何個ゲットしたかが、大学を選択するのに響いてくると言う感じですかね。あーコワいコワい&#8230;</p>
</div></div>



<p></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="toc8">SIXTH FORM</span></h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="624" height="413" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/pupils-02.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-1456" style="width:510px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/pupils-02.jpg 624w, https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/pupils-02-300x199.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px" /></figure>



<p><br>セカンダリースクールを卒業した後、大学進学を希望する生徒は、(大抵はセカンダリースクールに附属されている)、<strong>2年間の教育課程</strong> <a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_form">’<strong>シックスス・フォーム</strong></a>’ に進むことになります。<br><br><br><br>’<strong>シックススフォーム</strong>’は、別名<strong> </strong>&#8216;<strong>Key Stage 5</strong>&#8216; とも呼ばれ、皆さん１年目を<strong>Lower Sixth</strong> (<strong>L6</strong>)、２年目を<strong>Upper Sixth</strong> (<strong>U6</strong>)と呼んでいるそうです。<br><br></p>



<p>もともとは、最初の年 (Year 12) の終わりに<br><br><span class="has-inline-color has-indigo-color"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS-level"><strong>AS</strong>(Advanced Subsidiary Level)</a></span> <br><br>という試験を受け、その後の２年目 (Year 13)に<br> <br><span class="has-inline-color has-indigo-color"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level"><strong>A level</strong> (Advanced Level General Certificate of Education)</a></span><br><br><br><br>の試験を受けていたようですが、<span class="has-inline-color has-deep-orange-color"><span class="tadv-color" style="color:#333333">2018年にイギリスの教育省が、AS試験の結果を完全にA Level のものと切り離したものすると発表して以来、AS試験は必須ではなくなり、現在のところ2年目の最終試験であるA levelを受けるだけという形になっています。</span></span><br></p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">選択する科目は将来的に進学したい大学のコースに合わせて選ぶわけですが、GCSEの結果と照らし合わせながら、<strong>本人が一番楽しめる科目を選ぶのがベスト</strong>。</h5>



<p><br>大抵の生徒は、初めの年で４教科を選択して、次の年で３教科に的を絞って (１教科をドロップして) 試験にのぞむと言われています。</p>



<p><br>成績は、A* A&nbsp; B C D E で評価され、希望大学への入学に必要な成績が取れていた場合に、入学が許可されます。<br><br><br>と言うわけで、</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="日本のように個別の入学試験はありません"><strong><span style="color:#333333" class="tadv-color">日本のように個別の入学試験はありません。</span></strong></h4>



<p><br><br><br>大学の学費は、現在のところ <strong>年間10,000〜38,000ポンド</strong> (約200〜750万円 / 現在約£1＝200円) と言われています。</p>



<p>大抵の学生は、学費と生活費のローンを国から借りて、卒業した後に一定の年収に達したら、返済していかなければなりません。<br></p>



<p><strong>社会に出て、収入レベルをアップさせるために大学を出るのに、大学を出たら借金地獄ってどないなってんねん&#8230;?!!</strong><br><br></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="510" height="396" src="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/vadim-sadovski.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-17726" style="width:354px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/vadim-sadovski.jpg 510w, https://www.konkaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/vadim-sadovski-300x233.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">image by vadmin sadovski</figcaption></figure>



<p><br><br>ということで、みなさん最後まで読んでいただきありがとうございました。<br><br>今回の記事はここまでとなります。<br><br><br>僕の書いたまとめ記事が、少しでも皆さんのお役に立てたのなら嬉しいです。<br><br></p>



<p>コンカズ</p>



<p>*この記事の英語ヴァージョンはこちらから<br>👉 <a rel="noopener follow" target="_blank" href="https://www.konkaz.com/england-education-system-english/">【British Education System】explained!!!</a></p>



<p>*さらに興味のある方は、こちらもどうぞ <br>👉 <a rel="noopener follow" target="_blank" href="https://www.konkaz.com/british-political-system/">【イギリスの政治制度】をわかりやすく解説</a></p>
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